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Background Fear conditioning (e.g., by the threat of an electric shock) causes an increase in initial pupil diameter, and a decrease in the amplitude of the light reflex response ("fear-inhibited light reflex"). Studies of the fear-inhibited light reflex have always assumed that the conditioned stimulus (a low intensity acoustic tone) has no effect in itself, on any of the two pupillary responses to threat. Furthermore, these studies have uniformly employed a standardised light intensity as the unconditioned stimulus while for fear conditioning, they have always employed the association of the conditioned stimulus to a potentially painful tactile electric shock. The aim of this parametric study was to examine the role of conditioned stimulus, light intensity and fear stimulus modality in the mediation of the fear-inhibited light reflex.

Fear-inhibited light reflex: effects of conditioned stimulus intensity and fear stimulus modality