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Background Fear conditioning (e.g., by the threat of an electric shock) causes an increase in initial pupil diameter, and a decrease in the amplitude of the light reflex response ("fear-inhibited light reflex"). There is evidence for dissociation between the two responses to threat, suggesting that while the effect on the light reflex response involves central inhibition of the parasympathetic, the effect on initial pupil diameter may reflect more preferentially, the activation of the sympathetic. We examined the effects of peripheral sympathetic blockade with the α1-antagonist dapiprazole on both responses to threat on the basis of the hypothesis that only the response of the initial pupil diameter will be affected, while the response of the light reflex will remain unaffected.

Fear-inhibited light reflex: effects of peripheral sympathetic blockade with dapiprazole eye-drops