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Background  The members of the retinoblastoma protein family, pRb, p107 and pRb2 (p130), are central players in controlling the cell cycle. Whereas disturbed function of pRb is commonly seen in human cancers, it is still an open question whether pRb2 is involved in tumorigenic processes. However, altered subcellular localization of pRb2 and mutations in the pRb2-encoding gene  RBL2  have been described for some tumours, including Burkitt lymphomas (BL).    Methods  We retrieved 51 biopsy specimens of endemic BL cases from Uganda. The expression of pRb2 was determined by immunohistochemistry. Exons 19-22 of the  RBL2  gene, the region known to contain a nuclear localization signal, were screened for mutations by PCR amplification and direct DNA sequencing.    Results  Nearly all of our cases (84.0%) were positive for pRb2 protein expression although this protein is a marker for growth arrest and Burkitt lymphoma is characterized by a high proliferation rate. Of the positive cases, 73.8% were scored as expressing the protein at a high level. Subcellular pRb2 localization was predominantly nuclear and no cases with expression restricted to the cytoplasm were observed. We did not detect any  RBL2  mutations in the part of the gene that encodes the C-terminal end of the protein.    Conclusion  The majority of endemic BL cases from Uganda express pRb2, but somatic  RBL2  mutations affecting the protein's nuclear localization signal appear to be rare.

pRb2/p130 protein expression and RBL2 mutation analysis in Burkitt lymphoma from Uganda