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Background  Several  in vitro  studies have looked at the effect of medicinal plant extracts against  Helicobacter pylori  ( H. pylori ). Regardless of the popular use of  Byrsonima crassa  ( B. crassa ) as antiemetic, diuretic, febrifuge, to treat diarrhea, gastritis and ulcers, there is no data on its effects against  H. pylori . In this study, we evaluated the anti- H. pylori  of  B. crassa  leaves extracts and its effects on reactive oxygen/nitrogen intermediates induction by murine peritoneal macrophages.    Methods  The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by broth microdilution method and the production of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and nitric oxide (NO) by the horseradish peroxidase-dependent oxidation of phenol red and Griess reaction, respectively.    Results  The methanolic (MeOH) and chloroformic (CHCl 3 ) extracts inhibit,  in vitro , the growth of  H. pylori  with MIC value of 1024 μg/ml. The MeOH extract induced the production H 2 O 2  and NO, but CHCl 3  extract only NO.    Conclusion  Based in our results,  B. crassa  can be considered a source of compounds with anti- H. pylori  activity, but its use should be done with caution in treatment of the gastritis and peptic ulcers, since the reactive oxygen/nitrogen intermediates are involved in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal injury induced by ulcerogenic agents and  H. pylori  infections.

Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity and immunostimulatory effect of extracts from Byrsonima crassa Nied. (Malpighiaceae)