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Background  The search for alternative therapies for oral candidiasis is a necessity and the use of medicinal plants seems to be one of the promising solutions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the  in vitro  and  in vivo  effects of the essential oil of  Melaleuca alternifolia  on  Candida albicans .    Methods  The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of  M. alternifolia  were determined by the broth microdilution assay. For the  in vivo  study, twelve immunosuppressed mice with buccal candidiasis received topical applications of  M. alternifolia  with MBEC. After treatment, yeasts were recovered from the mice and quantified (CFU/mL). Mice were killed for morphologic analysis of the tongue dorsum by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed using Student’s  t  test or Mann-Whitney test.    Results  The MIC of  M. alternifolia  was 0.195% and the MBEC was 12.5%. Treatment with  M. alternifolia  achieved a 5.33 log reduction in  C. albicans  and reduced the microscopic lesions of candidiasis.    Conclusions   M. alternifolia  oil at a 12.5% was effective to eradicate a  C. albicans  biofilm formed  in vitro  and to reduce yeasts of  C. albicans  in an immunosuppressed mouse model.

Essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia for the treatment of oral candidiasis induced in an immunosuppressed mouse model