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Background  Oxidative stress is involved in age-related muscle atrophy, such as sarcopenia. Since  Chlorella , a unicellular green alga, contains various antioxidant substances, we used a mouse model of enhanced oxidative stress to investigate whether  Chlorella  could prevent muscle atrophy.    Methods  Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an anti-oxidative enzyme that detoxifies reactive aldehydes derived from lipid peroxides such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE). We therefore used transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative form of ALDH2 (ALDH2*2 Tg mice) to selectively decrease ALDH2 activity in the muscles. To evaluate the effect of  Chlorella,  the mice were fed a  Chlorella -supplemented diet (CSD) for 6 months.    Results  ALDH2*2 Tg mice exhibited small body size, muscle atrophy, decreased fat content, osteopenia, and kyphosis, accompanied by increased muscular 4-HNE levels. The CSD helped in recovery of body weight, enhanced oxidative stress, and increased levels of a muscle impairment marker, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) induced by ALDH2*2. Furthermore, histological and histochemical analyses revealed that the consumption of the CSD improved skeletal muscle atrophy and the activity of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase.    Conclusions  This study suggests that long-term consumption of  Chlorella  has the potential to prevent age-related muscle atrophy.

Preventive effects of Chlorella on skeletal muscle atrophy in muscle-specific mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activity-deficient mice