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Background  Electroacupuncture (EA) is a traditional Chinese medicine treatment guided by meridian theory. As it gradually gains more worldwide acceptance, a clarification of its mechanisms is extremely urgent. We observed variations in transcutaneous oxygen pressure/carbon dioxide pressure (  tcp  O 2 /  tcp  CO 2 ) and microcirculation blood perfusion units (BPU) along the pericardium meridian, and cardiac function during EA at Neiguan (PC6) to explore variations in energy metabolism and its relationship with visceral function adjustments during EA.    Methods  Twenty-two healthy volunteers participated in this study. Three channel laser Doppler flowmetry and   tcp  O 2 /  tcp  CO 2  detection systems were used to detect   tcp  O 2 /  tcp  CO 2  and microcirculation BPU along the pericardium meridian. A hemodynamic monitor was used to detect cardiac function.    Results  In the normal state, the microcirculatory BPU along the pericardium meridian were significantly higher than that of their bilateral corresponding control points (p < 0.05). During EA at PC6, the values of the microcirculatory BPU along the pericardium meridian did not vary, and few increased. In the normal state, the values of   tcp  O 2  along the pericardium meridian were significantly higher than those of their bilateral corresponding control points (p < 0.05). In addition, the values of   tcp  CO 2  along the pericardium meridian were lower than those of their bilateral corresponding control points. In comparison with the normal state, EA could decrease   tcp  O 2  along the meridian significantly (p < 0.05) and increase   tcp  CO 2 . During EA at PC6 in healthy volunteers treated by artificial acute mild hypoxia, cardiac output and cardiac index (p < 0.05) decreased and systemic vascular resistance increased significantly (p < 0.05).    Conclusions  In the normal state, the values of microcirculatory BPU and   tcp  O 2  along the pericardium meridian were both higher than those of their bilateral corresponding control points. Energy metabolism was vigorous along the meridian. During EA, the decrease in oxygen partial pressure along the pericardium meridian might be a result of strengthened energy metabolism of associated tissue and increased oxygen consumption. The variations in energy metabolism along the pericardium meridian during the course of EA had a close relationship with visceral function adjustments.    Trial registration  Chinese Clinical Trial Registry  ChiCTRTRC13003193 .

Variations in energy metabolism along the pericardium meridian and its relationship with visceral function adjustments during electroacupuncture