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Background  The great potential of plants as  Hymenaea courbaril  L (jatoba) has not yet been throughly explored scientifically and therefore it is very important to investigate their pharmacological and toxicological activities to establish their real efficacy and safety. This study investigated the cytotoxicity of xylem sap of  Hymenaea courbaril  L and its bioactivity against the fungi  Cryptococcus neoformans  species complex and dermatophytes.    Methods  The fresh xylem sap of  H. courbaril  was filtered resulting in an insoluble brown color precipitate and was identified as fisetin. In the filtrate was identified the mixture of fisetinediol, fustin, 3-O-methyl-2,3- trans -fustin and taxifolin, which were evaluated by broth microdilution antifungal susceptibility testing against  C. neoformans  species complex and dermatophytes. The fresh xylem sap and fisetin were screened for cytotoxicity against the 3T3-A31 cells of Balb/c using neutral red uptake (NRU) assay.    Results  The fresh xylem sap and the fisetin showed higher  in vitro  activity than the filtrate. The xylem sap of  H. courbaril  inhibited the growth of dermatophytes and of  C. neoformans  with minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) < 256 μg/mL, while the fisetin showed MIC < 128 μg/mL for these fungi. Fisetin showed lower toxicity (IC 50  = 158 μg/mL) than the fresh xylem sap (IC 50  = 109 μg/mL).    Conclusion  Naturally occurring fisetin can provide excellent starting points for clinical application and can certainly represent a therapeutic potential against fungal infections, because it showed  in vitro  antifungal activity and low toxicity on animal cells.

Antifungal and cytotoxicity activities of the fresh xylem sap of Hymenaea courbaril L. and its major constituent fisetin