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Background  Sonoran ethnic groups (Yaquis, Mayos, Seris, Guarijíos, Pimas, Kikapúes and Pápagos) use mainly herbal based preparations as their first line of medicinal treatment. Among the plants used are those with anti-tuberculosis properties; however, no formal research is available.    Methods  Organic extracts were obtained from nine medicinal plants traditionally used by Sonoran ethnic groups to treat different kinds of diseases; three of them are mainly used to treat tuberculosis. All of the extracts were tested against  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  H37Rv using the Alamar Blue redox bioassay.    Results  Methanolic extracts from  Ambrosia confertiflora ,  Ambrosia ambrosioides  and  Guaiacum coulteri  showed minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 200, 790 and 1000 μg/mL, respectively, whereas no effect was observed with the rest of the methanolic extracts at the concentrations tested. Chloroform, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts from  Ambrosia confertiflora  showed a MIC of 90, 120 and 160 μg/mL, respectively.    Conclusions   A. confertiflora  and  A. ambrosioides  showed the best anti-mycobacterial activity  in vitro . The activity of  Guaiacum coulteri  is consistent with the traditional use by Sonoran ethnic groups as anti-tuberculosis agent.  For these reasons, it is important to investigate a broader spectrum of medicinal plants in order to find compounds active against  Mycobacterium tuberculosis .

In vitro anti-mycobacterial activity of nine medicinal plants used by ethnic groups in Sonora, Mexico