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Background  Both experimental and clinical studies suggest that oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of both types of diabetes mellitus. This oxidative stress leads to β-cell destruction by apoptosis. Hence exploring agents modulating oxidative stress is an effective strategy in the treatment of both Type I and Type II diabetes. Plants are a major source of anti-oxidants and exert protective effects against oxidative stress in biological systems.  Phyllanthus emblica, Curcuma longa  and  Tinospora cordifolia  are three such plants widely used in  Ayurveda  for their anti-hyperglycemic activity. Additionally their anti-oxidant properties have been scientifically validated in various experimental  in vitro  and  in vivo  models. Hence the present  in vitro  study was planned to assess whether the anti-hyperglycemic effects of the hydro-alcoholic extracts of  Phyllanthus emblica (Pe)  and  Curcuma longa (Cl)  and aqueous extract of  Tinospora cordifolia (Tc)  are mediated through their antioxidant and/or anti-apoptotic property in a streptozotocin induced stress model.    Methods  RINm5F cell line was used as a model of pancreatic β-cells against stress induced by streptozotocin (2 mM). Non-toxic concentrations of the plant extracts were identified using MTT assay. Lipid peroxidation through MDA release, modulation of apoptosis and insulin release were the variables measured to assess streptozotocin induced damage and protection afforded by the plant extracts.    Results  All 3 plants extracts significantly inhibited MDA release from RIN cells indicating protective effect against STZ induced oxidative damage. They also exhibited a dose dependent anti-apoptotic effect as seen by a decrease in the sub G0 population in response to STZ. None of the plant extracts affected insulin secretion from the cells to a great extent.    Conclusion  The present study thus demonstrated that the protective effect of the selected medicinal plants against oxidative stress induced by STZ  in vitro , which was exerted through their anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic actions.

Do plants mediate their anti-diabetic effects through anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic actions? an in vitro assay of 3 Indian medicinal plants