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Background  In Pakistan  Fagonia olivieri  (Zygophyllaceae) is commonly used in the indigenous system of medicine for treatment of conditions like diabetes, cancer, fever, asthma, toothache, stomach troubles and kidney disorders. This study evaluated the crude methanol extract of  F. olivieri  (FOM) and its derived fractions for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities as well as the classes of phytochemical.    Methods  Dried powder of whole plant of  F. olivieri  was extracted with methanol (FOM) and the resultant was fractionated to give  n -hexane fraction (FOH), chloroform fraction (FOC), ethyl acetate fraction (FOE),  n -butanol fraction (FOB) and residual aqueous fraction (FOA). Methanol extract and its derived fractions were subjected to phytochemical screening using standard procedures. Also the extract and fractions were assayed for antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities using agar well diffusion technique, agar tube dilution method and brine shrimps lethality test, respectively.    Results  The results obtained for phytochemical analysis indicate the presence of saponins and alkaloids in all the tested extract and fractions while anthraquinones were not detected. The results showed that all the bacterial strains tested in this study were susceptible to at least one of the fractions tested. However, FOE and FOB were the best antibacterial fractions and showed antibacterial activity against maximum number of bacterial strains. The results showed that  Escherichia coli  was the most sensitive bacterium while  Bordetella bronchiseptica  and  Enterobacter aerogenes  were less susceptible against various fractions. Maximum percent inhibition for growth was recorded for the fungus  Aspergillus flavus  with FOE whereas growth of  Aspergillus fumigatus  and  Fusarium solani  was inhibited by FOM and its all derived fractions. Minimum LC 50  (24.07 mg/L) for brine shrimp assay was recorded for FOE followed by LC 50  of FOC (26.1 mg/L) and FOB (30.05 mg/L) whereas maximum LC 50  was exhibited by FOH (1533 mg/L).    Conclusion  These results indicated the use of  F. olivieri  to treat infections with emphasis to isolate and characterize the active principle responsible for antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities and its exploitation as therapeutic agent.

Assessment of phytochemicals, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of extract and fractions from Fagonia olivieri (Zygophyllaceae)