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Background   Persea americana  seeds are widely used in traditional Mexican medicine to treat rheumatism, asthma, infectious processes as well as diarrhea and dysentery caused by intestinal parasites.    Methods  The chloroformic and ethanolic extracts of  P. americana  seeds were prepared by maceration and their amoebicidal, giardicidal and trichomonicidal activity was evaluated. These extracts were also tested against  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  H37Rv, four mono-resistant and two multidrug resistant strains of  M. tuberculosis  as well as five non tuberculosis mycobacterium strains by MABA assay.    Results  The chloroformic and ethanolic extracts of  P. americana  seeds showed significant activity against  E. histolytica, G. lamblia  and  T. vaginalis  (IC 50  <0.634 μg/ml) .  The chloroformic extract inhibited the growth of  M. tuberculosis  H37Rv,  M. tuberculosis  MDR SIN 4 isolate, three  M. tuberculosis  H37Rv mono-resistant reference strains and four non tuberculosis mycobacteria ( M. fortuitum, M. avium, M. smegmatis  and  M. absessus ) showing MIC values ≤50 μg/ml. Contrariwise, the ethanolic extract affected only the growth of two mono-resistant strains of  M. tuberculosis  H37Rv and  M. smegmatis  (MIC ≤50 μg/ml).    Conclusions  The CHCl 3  and EtOH seed extracts from  P. americana  showed amoebicidal and giardicidal activity. Importantly, the CHCl 3  extract inhibited the growth of a MDR  M. tuberculosis  isolate and three out of four mono-resistant reference strains of  M. tuberculosis  H37Rv, showing a MIC = 50 μg/ml. This extract was also active against the NTM strains,  M. fortuitum, M. avium, M. smegmatis  and  M. abscessus,  with MIC values <50 μg/ml.

Antiprotozoal and antimycobacterial activities of Persea americana seeds