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Results Injection of 0.5mg/kg and 5mg/kg of melittin suppressed tumor growth by 25.30% and 56.92%, respectively; these results are superior to those obtained for mice treated with the COX-2 inhibitor, NS398. Melittin reduced tumor cell proliferation (PCNA), microvessel density (MVD), expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), VEGF-A, and VEGFR-2, but did not affect VEGFR-1, in VEGF-A-induced hm LLC tumors. Similarly, the COX-2 inhibitor NS398 significantly inhibited proliferation, MVD, COX-2, VEGF-A, and VEGFR-2 expression in the tumor section, supporting the role of COX-2 in melittin-induced inhibition of angiogenesis. Melittin significantly inhibited VEGF-A-induced proliferation and tube formation in the endothelial cells. Melittin inhibited phosphorylation of ERK 1/2, JNK and p38 MAPK in a dose-dependent manner in VEGF-A-HLECs. p38 inhibitor SB203580 abolished the down regulation of COX-2 and VEGF-A and anti-proliferative activity induced by melittin.

bmc complementary and alternative medicine

P01.41. Melittin inhibits VEGF-A-induced tumor growth and angiogenesis through blocking VEGFR-2 and COX-2 in allograft tumor model and endothelial cells