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Background  Worldwide particularly in developing countries, a large proportion of the population is at risk for tropical parasitic diseases. Several medicinal plants are still used traditionally against protozoal infections in Yemen and Saudi Arabia. Thus the present study investigated the  in vitro  antiprotozoal activity of twenty-five plants collected from the Arabian Peninsula.    Methods  Plant materials were extracted with methanol and screened  in vitro  against erythrocytic schizonts of  Plasmodium falciparum , intracellular amastigotes of  Leishmania infantum  and  Trypanosoma cruzi  and free trypomastigotes of  T. brucei . Cytotoxic activity was determined against MRC-5 cells to assess selectivity. The criterion for activity was an IC 50  < 10 μg/ml (<5 μg/ml for  T. brucei ) and selectivity index of >4.    Results  Antiplasmodial activity was found in the extracts of  Chrozophora oblongifolia ,  Ficus ingens ,  Lavandula dentata  and  Plectranthus barbatus . Amastigotes of  T. cruzi  were affected by  Grewia erythraea ,  L. dentata ,  Tagetes minuta  and  Vernonia leopoldii . Activity against  T. brucei  was obtained in  G. erythraea ,  L. dentata ,  P. barbatus  and  T. minuta . No relevant activity was found against  L. infantum . High levels of cytotoxicity (MRC-5 IC 50  < 10 μg/ml) and hence non-specific activities were noted in  Cupressus sempervirens ,  Kanahia laniflora  and  Kniphofia sumarae .    Conclusion  The results endorse that medicinal plants can be promising sources of natural products with antiprotozoal activity potential. The results support to some extent the traditional uses of some plants for the treatment of parasitic protozoal diseases.

bmc complementary and alternative medicine

In vitro antiplasmodial, antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activities of selected medicinal plants used in the traditional Arabian Peninsular region