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Background  This study evaluated the effects of  C. verbenacea  essential oil topically administered in a rat periodontitis model.    Methods  Periodontitis was induced on rats in one of the mandibular first molars assigned to receive a ligature. Animals were randomly divided into two groups: a) non-treatment group (NT) (n = 18): animals received 1mL of vehicle; b)  C. verbenacea  group (C.v.) (n = 18): animals received 5mg/Kg of essential oils isolated from  C. verbenacea.  The therapies were administered topically 3 times daily for 11 days. Then, the specimens were processed for morphometric analysis of bone loss. The ligatures were used for microbiological assessment of the presence of  Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ,  Tannerella forsythia  and  Porphyromonas gingivalis  using PCR. The gingival tissue was collected to Elisa assay of interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-10 levels.    Results  Bone loss was inhibited by  C. verbenacea  when compared to the NT group ( p  < 0.05). A decrease in the levels of IL-1α and increase in the IL-10 amounts was observed in the C.v. group as compared to NT group ( p  < 0.05). A lower frequency of  P. gingivalis  was found in C.v. group ( p  < 0.05).    Conclusion   C. verbenacea  essential oil topically administered diminished alveolar bone resorption, promoting a positive local imbalance in the pro/anti-inflammatory system and reducing the frequency of detection of  P. gingivalis .

Protective effect of topical Cordia verbenacea in a rat periodontitis model: immune-inflammatory, antibacterial and morphometric assays