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Background  In the present study, we tested a 50% ethanolic extract of  Orthosiphon stamineus  plants and its isolated bioactive compound with respect to their α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities.    Methods  Bioactive flavonoid sinensetin was isolated from 50% ethanolic extract of  Orthosiphon stamineus . The structure of this pure compound was determined on the NMR data and the α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities of isolated sinensetin and 50% ethanolic extract of  Orthosiphon stamineus  were evaluated.    Results   In vitro  studies of a 50% ethanolic extract of  O. stamineus  and the isolated sinensetin compound showed inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase (IC 50 : 4.63 and 0.66 mg/ml, respectively) and α-amylase (IC 50 : 36.70 mg/ml and 1.13 mg/ml, respectively). Inhibition of these enzymes provides a strong biochemical basis for the management of type 2 diabetes via the control of glucose absorption.    Conclusion  Alpha-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition could the mechanisms through which the 50% ethanolic extract of  O. stamineus  and sinensetin exert their antidiabetic activity, indicating that it could have potential use in the management of non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

bmc complementary and alternative medicine

Potent α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities of standardized 50% ethanolic extracts and sinensetin from Orthosiphon stamineus Benth as anti-diabetic mechanism