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Background  Cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in several diseases, and hence natural antioxidants have significant importance in human health. The present study was carried out to evaluate the  in vitro  antioxidant and reactive oxygen species scavenging activities of  Terminalia chebula ,  Terminalia belerica  and  Emblica officinalis  fruit extracts.    Methods  The 70% methanol extracts were studied for  in vitro  total antioxidant activity along with phenolic and flavonoid contents and reducing power. Scavenging ability of the extracts for radicals like DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, singlet oxygen, hypochlorous acid were also performed to determine the potential of the extracts.    Results  The ability of the extracts of the fruits in exhibiting their antioxative properties follow the order  T. chebula  > E. officinalis  > T. belerica . The same order is followed in their flavonoid content, whereas in case of phenolic content it becomes  E. officinalis  > T. belerica  > T. chebula . In the studies of free radicals' scavenging, where the activities of the plant extracts were inversely proportional to their IC 50  values,  T. chebula  and  E. officinalis  were found to be taking leading role with the orders of  T. chebula  > E. officinalis  > T. belerica  for superoxide and nitric oxide, and  E. officinalis  > T. belerica  > T. chebula  for DPPH and peroxynitrite radicals. Miscellaneous results were observed in the scavenging of other radicals by the plant extracts, viz.,  T. chebula  > T. belerica  > E. officinalis  for hydroxyl,  T. belerica  > T. chebula  > E. officinalis  for singlet oxygen and  T. belerica  > E. officinalis  > T. chebula  for hypochlorous acid. In a whole, the studied fruit extracts showed quite good efficacy in their antioxidant and radical scavenging abilities, compared to the standards.    Conclusions  The evidences as can be concluded from the study of the 70% methanol extract of the fruits of  Terminalia chebula ,  Terminalia belerica  and  Emblica officinalis , imposes the fact that they might be useful as potent sources of natural antioxidant.

bmc complementary and alternative medicine

Comparative study of the antioxidant and reactive oxygen species scavenging properties in the extracts of the fruits of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica and Emblica officinalis