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Background   Porphyromonas gingivalis  has been implicated as a major pathogen in the development and progression of chronic periodontitis.  P. gingivalis  biofilm formation in the subgingival crevice plays an important role in the ability of the bacteria to tolerate stress signals outside the cytoplasmic membrane. Some bacteria use a distinct subfamily of sigma factors to regulate their extracytoplasmic functions (the ECF subfamily). The objective of this study was to determine if  P. gingivalis  ECF sigma factors affect  P. gingivalis  biofilm formation.    Methods  To elucidate the role of ECF sigma factors in  P. gingivalis , chromosomal mutants carrying a disruption of each ECF sigma factor-encoding gene were constructed. Bacterial growth curves were measured by determining the turbidity of bacterial cultures. The quantity of biofilm growing on plates was evaluated by crystal violet staining.    Results  Comparison of the growth curves of wild-type  P. gingivalis  strain 33277 and the ECF mutants indicated that the growth rate of the mutants was slightly lower than that of the wild-type strain. The PGN_0274- and PGN_1740-defective mutants had increased biofilm formation compared with the wild-type ( p  < 0.001); however, the other ECF sigma factor mutants or the complemented strains did not enhance biofilm formation.    Conclusion  These results suggest that PGN_0274 and PGN_1740 play a key role in biofilm formation by  P. gingivalis .    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1472-6831-15-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Role of extracytoplasmic function sigma factors in biofilm formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis