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Background   Candida albicans  is a diploid yeast that in some circumstances may cause oral or oropharyngeal infections. This investigation aimed to study the prevalence of  Candida  spp. and to analyze the ABC genotypes of 76 clinical isolates of  C. albicans  obtained from the oral cavity of kidney transplant patients from two distinct geographic regions of Brazil.    Methods  We typed 48 strains with ABC genotyping and Microsatelitte using primer M13 and tested three virulence factors in vitro: phospholipase activity, morphogenesis and the ability to evade from polymorphonuclear neutrophils phagocytosis.    Results   C. albicans  was the most prevalent species (86.4%), followed by  C. tropicalis  (4.5%).  C. albicans  genotype A was the most prevalent (58 isolates; 76.4%), followed by genotype C (15 isolates; 19.7%) and genotype B (3 isolates; 3.9%). When Microsatellite technique with primer M13 was applied, 80% of the isolates from the South were placed within the same cluster. The majority of Genotype C strains were grouped together within two different clusters. Genotype C was considered more resistant to PMNs attack than genotypes A and B. Strains isolated from the South of Brazil showed also better ability to combat PMNs phagocytosis.    Conclusions  We found a high rate of  C. albicans  genotype C strains isolated from the oral cavity of this group of patients. This study characterized oral  C. albicans  strains isolated from kidney transplant recipients and will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of oral candidiasis.

bmc oral health

Candida species distribution, genotyping and virulence factors of Candida albicans isolated from the oral cavity of kidney transplant recipients of two geographic regions of Brazil