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Abstract Background Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a potent initiator of gene silencing in a diverse group of organisms that includes plants, <it>Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila </it>and mammals. We have previously shown and patented that mechanical inoculation of <it>in vitro</it>-transcribed dsRNA derived from viral sequences specifically prevents virus infection in plants. The approach required the <it>in vitro </it>synthesis of large amounts of RNA involving high cost and considerable labour. Results We have developed an <it>in vivo </it>expression system to produce large amounts of virus-derived dsRNAs in bacteria, with a view to providing a practical control of virus diseases in plants. Partially purified bacterial dsRNAs promoted specific interference with the infection in plants by two viruses belonging to the tobamovirus and potyvirus groups. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that easy to obtain, crude extracts of bacterially expressed dsRNAs are equally effective protecting plants against virus infections when sprayed onto plant surfaces by a simple procedure. Virus infectivity was significantly abolished when plants were sprayed with French Press lysates several days before virus inoculation. Conclusion Our approach provides an alternative to genetic transformation of plant species with dsRNA-expressing constructs capable to interfere with plant viruses. The main advantage of this mode of dsRNA production is its simplicity and its extremely low cost compared with the requirements for regenerating transgenic plants. This approach provides a reliable and potential tool, not only for plant protection against virus diseases, but also for the study of gene silencing mechanisms in plant virus infections.</p

Crude extracts of bacterially expressed dsRNA can be used to protect plants against virus infections.