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Background   Lactobacillus  species are used as bacterial vectors to deliver functional peptides to the intestine because they are delivered live to the intestine, colonize the mucosal surface, and continue to produce the desired protein. Previously, we generated a recombinant  Lactobacillus casei  secreting the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), which can translocate into intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) through GM1 ganglioside. Recombinant fusion proteins of CTB with functional peptides have been used as carriers for the delivery of these peptides to IECs because of the high cell permeation capacity of recombinant CTB (rCTB). However, there have been no reports of rCTB fused with peptides expressed or secreted by  Lactobacillus  species. In this study, we constructed  L. casei  secreting a recombinant fusion protein of CTB with YVAD (rCTB–YVAD). YVAD is a tetrapeptide (tyrosine–valine–alanine–aspartic acid) that specifically inhibits caspase-1, which catalyzes the production of interleukin (IL)-1β, an inflammatory cytokine, from its inactive precursor. Here, we examined whether rCTB–YVAD secreted by  L. casei  binds to GM1 ganglioside and inhibits caspase-1 activation in Caco-2 cells used as a model of IECs.    Results  We constructed the rCTB–YVAD secretion vector pSCTB–YVAD by modifying the rCTB secretion vector pSCTB.  L. casei  secreting rCTB–YVAD was generated by transformation with pSCTB–YVAD. Both the culture supernatant of pSCTB–YVAD-transformed  L. casei  and purified rCTB–YVAD bound to GM1 ganglioside, as did the culture supernatant of pSCTB-transformed  L. casei  and purified rCTB. Interestingly, although both purified rCTB–YVAD and rCTB translocated into Caco-2 cells, regardless of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), only purified rCTB–YVAD but not rCTB inhibited LPS-induced caspase-1 activation and subsequent IL-1β secretion in Caco-2 cells, without affecting cell viability.    Conclusions  The rCTB protein fused to a functional peptide secreted by  L. casei  can bind to GM1 ganglioside, like rCTB, and recombinant YVAD secreted by  L. casei  may exert anti-inflammatory effects in the intestine. Therefore, rCTB secreted by  L. casei  has potential utility as a vector for the delivery of YVAD to IECs.

bmc biotechnology

Recombinant fusion protein of cholera toxin B subunit with YVAD secreted by Lactobacillus caseiinhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced caspase-1 activation and subsequent IL-1 beta secretion in Caco-2 cells