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Background  Animal models have provided much information on molecular and cellular changes in joint disease, particularly OA. However there are limitations to  in vivo  work and single tissue  in vitro  studies can provide more specific information on individual events. The rat is a commonly used laboratory species but at the current time only  in vivo  models of rat OA are available to study. The purpose of this study was to investigate the damage that single impact load (SIL) of 0.16J causes in a rat cartilage  in vitro  model and assess whether this load alters the arrangement of vimentin.    Methods  Rat cartilage was single impact loaded (200 g from 8 cm) and cultured for up to 48 hours (n = 72 joints). Histological changes were measured using a semi-quantitative modified Mankin score. Immunolocalisation was used to identify changes in vimentin distribution.    Results  SIL caused damage in 32/36 cartilage samples. Damage included surface fibrillation, fissures, fragmentation, changes in cellularity and loss of proteoglycan. SIL caused a statistically significant increase in modified Mankin score and chondrocyte clusters over time. SIL caused vimentin disassembly (as evidenced by collapse of vimentin around the nucleus).    Conclusion  This study describes a model of SIL damage to rat cartilage. SIL causes changes in histological/chemical parameters which have been measured using a semi-quantitative modified Mankin score. Single impact load also causes changes in the pattern of vimentin immunoreactivity, indicating vimentin dissassembley. Using a semi-quantitative scoring system the disassembly was shown to be statistically significant in SIL damaged cartilage.  The changes described in this paper suggest that this novel single tissue rat model of joint damage is a possible candidate model to replace  in vivo  models.

Alterations in the vimentin cytoskeleton in response to single impact load in an in vitro model of cartilage damage in the rat