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Background  Schistosomiasis transmission is typically focal. Understanding spatial variations of  Schistosoma  infections and their associated factors is important to help to invent site-specific intervention strategies.    Methods  A five-year longitudinal study was carried out prospectively in 12 natural villages, Guichi district of Anhui province. A GIS-based spatial analysis was conducted to identify geographic distribution patterns of schistosomiasis infections at the household scale.    Results  The results of the spatial autocorrelation analysis for 2005 showed that there were significant spatial clusters of human infections at the household level, and these results were in agreement with that of the spatial scan statistic. As prevalence of infections in humans decreased over the course of control, the spatial distribution of these infections became less heterogeneous.    Conclusions  The findings imply that it may be necessary to re-assess risk factors of  S. japonicum  transmission over the course of control and to adjust accordingly control measures in the communities.

Spatial-temporal variations of Schistosoma japonicum distribution after an integrated national control strategy: a cohort in a marshland area of China