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Background  The malignant potential of serous ovarian tumors, the most common ovarian tumor subtype, varies from benign to low malignant potential (LMP) tumors to frankly invasive cancers. Given the uncertainty about the relationship between these different forms, we compared their patterns of gene expression.    Methods  Expression profiling was carried out on samples of 7 benign, 7 LMP and 28 invasive (moderate and poorly differentiated) serous tumors and four whole normal ovaries using oligonucleotide microarrays representing over 21,000 genes.    Results  We identified 311 transcripts that distinguished invasive from benign tumors, and 20 transcripts that were significantly differentially expressed between invasive and LMP tumors at p < 0.01 (with multiple testing correction). Five genes that were differentially expressed between invasive and either benign or normal tissues were validated by real time PCR in an independent panel of 46 serous tumors (4 benign, 7 LMP, 35 invasive). Overexpression of  SLPI  and  WNT7A  and down-regulation of  C6orf31 ,  PDGFRA  and  GLTSCR2  were measured in invasive and LMP compared with benign and normal tissues. Over-expression of  WNT7A  in an ovarian cancer cell line led to increased migration and invasive capacity.    Conclusion  These results highlight several genes that may play an important role across the spectrum of serous ovarian tumorigenesis.

Expression profiling identifies genes involved in neoplastic transformation of serous ovarian cancer