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Background  Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most malignant tumors and typically presents at an advanced and rapidly fatal stage. To better understand the role of genetics in the etiology and prevention of ESCC and to identify potential susceptibility genes as well as early detection markers, we previously compared tumor and matched normal tissues from ESCC patients from a high-risk area of China using cDNA expression microarrays and identified 41 differentially-expressed genes (13 over-expressed and 28 under-expressed).    Methods  In the current study, we validated and quantitated differential mRNA expression in a sample of nine of these 41 genes, including four that were over-expressed ( SPARC ,  FADD ,  Fascin ,  COL7A1 ), and five that were under-expressed ( CK4 ,  TGM3 ,  ECM1 ,  PPL ,  EVPL ), in 75 new ESCC patients using quantitative Real-time RT-PCR and the 2 -ΔΔCT  method to examine both tumor and matched normal tissue. In addition, we examined expression patterns for these genes by selected demographic and clinical characteristics.    Results  Four previously over-expressed (tumor ≥2-fold normal) genes were all increased in the majority of new ESCC patients:  SPARC  was increased in 71% of patients,  Fascin  in 70%,  FADD  in 63%, and  COL7A1  in 57%. Five previously under-expressed (tumor ≤0.5-fold normal) genes similarly showed decreased mRNA expression in two-thirds or more of patients:  CK4  was decreased in 83% of patients,  TGM3  in 77%,  ECM1  in 73%, and  PPL  and  EVPL  in 67% each. In subset analyses, associations with age (for  COL7A1 ), family history (for  PPL  and  ECM1 ), and alcohol use (for  SPARC  and  Fascin ) were also noted.    Conclusion  These data indicate that these nine genes have consistent differential mRNA expression, validating results of our previous cDNA array results, and affirming their potential role in the early detection of ESCC.

bmc cancer

Quantitative real-time RT-PCR validation of differential mRNA expression of SPARC, FADD, Fascin, COL7A1, CK4, TGM3, ECM1, PPL and EVPLin esophageal squamous cell carcinoma