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Background  The pathogenesis of multiple myeloma involves complex genetic and epigenetic events. This study aimed to investigate the role and clinical relevance of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 ( MALAT1 ) in multiple myeloma.    Methods  Bone marrow mononuclear cells were collected for analysis. The samples of multiple myeloma were taken from 45 patients at diagnosis, 61 post-treatment, and 18 who relapsed or had progression. Control samples were collected from 20 healthy individuals. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions were performed to evaluate the expression of  MALAT1 . The clinical relevance of  MALAT1  expression was also explored.    Results   MALAT1  was overexpressed in the newly diagnosed patients compared with post-treatment patients (mean ∆C T : -5.54 ± 0.16 vs. -3.84 ± 0.09, 3.25-fold change; p < 0.001) and healthy individuals (mean ∆C T : -5.54 ± 0.16 vs. -3.95 ± 0.21, 3.01-fold change; p < 0.001). The expression of  MALAT1  strongly correlated with disease status, and the magnitude of change in  MALAT1  post-treatment had prognostic relevance. The patients with early progression had a significantly smaller change in  MALAT1  after treatment (mean ∆C T  change: 1.26 ± 1.06 vs. 2.09 ± 0.79, p = 0.011). A cut-off value of the change in  MALAT1  (∆C T  change: 1.5) was obtained, and the patients with a greater decrease in  MALAT1  (difference in ∆C T  >1.5) had significantly longer progression-free survival compared with the patients with a smaller  MALAT1  change (24 months vs. 11 months; p = 0.001). For the post-treatment patients, the risk of early progression could be predicted using this cut-off value.    Conclusions   MALAT1  was overexpressed in patients with myeloma and may play a role in its pathogenesis. In addition,  MALAT1  may serve as a molecular predictor of early progression.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-809) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

MALAT1 long non-coding RNA is overexpressed in multiple myeloma and may serve as a marker to predict disease progression