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Background  Embelin, a quinone derivative, is found in the fruits of  Embelia ribes  Burm (Myrsinaceae). It has been shown to have a variety of therapeutic potentials including anthelmintic, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial and anti-inflammation. Inflammation is an immunological response to external harmful stimuli and is regulated by an endogenous pyrogen and pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). TNF-α production has been implicated in a variety of other human pathologies including neurodegeneration and cancer. Several studies have shown that the anti-inflammatory activity of embelin is mediated by reduction in TNF-α. The latter is synthesized as a membrane anchored protein (pro-TNF-α); the soluble component of pro-TNF-α is then released into the extracellular space by the action of a protease called TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE). TACE, hence, has been proposed as a therapeutic target for inflammation and cancer.    Methods  We used molecular docking and experimental approaches to investigate the docking potential and molecular effects of embelin to TACE and human cancer cell characteristics, respectively.    Results  We demonstrate that embelin is a potential inhibitor of TACE. Furthermore,  in vitro  studies revealed that it inhibits malignant properties of cancer cells through inactivation of metastatic signaling molecules including MMPs, VEGF and hnRNP-K in breast cancer cells.    Conclusion  Based on the molecular dynamics and experimental data, embelin is proposed as a natural anti-inflammatory and anticancer drug.

Embelin inhibits TNF-α converting enzyme and cancer cell metastasis: molecular dynamics and experimental evidence