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Background  Multiple types of mononucleate cells reside among the multinucleate myofibers in skeletal muscles and these mononucleate cells function in muscle maintenance and repair. How neuromuscular disease might affect different types of muscle mononucleate cells had not been determined. In this study, therefore, we examined how two neuromuscular diseases, dystrophin-deficiency and laminin-α2-deficiency, altered the proliferation and composition of different subsets of muscle-derived mononucleate cells.    Methods  We used fluorescence-activated cell sorting combined with bromodeoxyuridine labeling to examine proliferation rates and compositions of mononuclear cells in diseased and healthy mouse skeletal muscle. We prepared mononucleate cells from muscles of  mdx  (dystrophin-deficient) or  Lama2  -/-  (laminin-α2-deficient) mice and compared them to cells from healthy control muscles. We enumerated subsets of resident muscle cells based on Sca-1 and CD45 expression patterns and determined the proliferation of each cell subset  in vivo  by BrdU incorporation.    Results  We found that the proliferation and composition of the mononucleate cells in dystrophin-deficient and laminin-α2-deficient diseased muscles are different than in healthy muscle. The  mdx  and  Lama2  -/-  muscles showed similar significant increases in CD45 +  cells compared to healthy muscle. Changes in proliferation, however, differed between the two diseases with proliferation increased in  mdx  and decreased in  Lama2  -/-  muscles compared to healthy muscles. In particular, the most abundant Sca-1 - /CD45 -  subset, which contains muscle precursor cells, had increased proliferation in  mdx  muscle but decreased proliferation in  Lama2  -/-  muscles.    Conclusion  The similar increases in CD45 +  cells, but opposite changes in proliferation of muscle precursor cells, may underlie aspects of the distinct pathologies in the two diseases.

Diseased muscles that lack dystrophin or laminin-α2 have altered compositions and proliferation of mononuclear cell populations