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Background  Serum phosphorus control is critical for chronic kidney disease (CKD) 5D patients. Currently, clinical profile for an oral phosphorus binder in the mainland Chinese population is not available.    Objective  To establish the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of lanthanum carbonate in CKD 5D patients.    Design  Multicenter, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. A central randomization center used computer generated tables to allocate treatments.    Setting  Twelve tertiary teaching hospitals and medical university affiliated hospitals in mainland China.    Participants  Overall, 258 hemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) adult patients were enrolled.    Intervention  After a 0–3-week washout period and a 4-week lanthanum carbonate dose-titration period, 230 patients were randomized 1:1 to receive lanthanum carbonate (1500 mg-3000 mg) or placebo for a further 4-week maintenance phase.    Main outcome measures  Efficacy and safety of lanthanum carbonate to achieve and maintain target serum phosphorus concentrations were assessed.    Results  In the titration phase, serum phosphorus concentrations of all patients decreased significantly. About three-fifths achieved target levels without significantly disturbing serum calcium levels. At the end of the maintenance period, the mean difference in serum phosphorus was significantly different between the lanthanum carbonate and placebo-treated groups (0.63±0.62 mmol/L vs. 0.15±0.52 mmol/L, P < 0.001). The drug-related adverse effects were mild and mostly gastrointestinal in nature.    Conclusion  Lanthanum carbonate is an efficacious and well-tolerated oral phosphate binder with a mild AE profile in hemodialysis and CAPD patients. This agent may provide an alternative for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in CKD 5D patients in mainland China.    Trial registration  No. ChiCTR-TRC-10000817

Lanthanum carbonate for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in CKD 5D: multicenter, double blind, randomized, controlled trial in mainland China