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Background  A genome-wide association study (GWAS) using metabolite concentrations as proxies for enzymatic activity, suggested that two variants: rs2014355 in the gene encoding short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase ( ACADS ) and rs11161510 in the gene encoding medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase ( ACADM ) impair fatty acid β-oxidation. Chronic exposure to fatty acids due to an impaired β-oxidation may down-regulate the glucose-stimulated insulin release and result in an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to investigate whether the two variants associate with altered insulin release following an oral glucose load or with T2D.    Methods  The variants were genotyped using KASPar ®  PCR SNP genotyping system and investigated for associations with estimates of insulin release and insulin sensitivity following an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in a random sample of middle-aged Danish individuals ( n    ACADS    = 4,324;  n    ACADM    = 4,337). The T2D-case-control study involved a total of ~8,300 Danish individuals ( n    ACADS    = 8,313;  n    ACADM    = 8,344).    Results  In glucose-tolerant individuals the minor C-allele of rs2014355 of  ACADS  associated with reduced measures of serum insulin at 30 min following an oral glucose load (per allele effect (β) = -3.8% (-6.3%;-1.3%),  P  = 0.003), reduced incremental area under the insulin curve (β = -3.6% (-6.3%;-0.9%),  P  = 0.009), reduced acute insulin response (β = -2.2% (-4.2%;0.2%),  P  = 0.03), and with increased insulin sensitivity ISI Matsuda  (β = 2.9% (0.5%;5.2%),  P  = 0.02). The C-allele did not associate with two other measures of insulin sensitivity or with a derived disposition index. The C-allele was not associated with T2D in the case-control analysis (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.96-1.18,  P  = 0.21). rs11161510 of  ACADM  did not associate with any indices of glucose-stimulated insulin release or with T2D.    Conclusions  In glucose-tolerant individuals the minor C-allele of rs2014355 of  ACADS  was associated with reduced measures of glucose-stimulated insulin release during an OGTT, a finding which in part may be mediated through an impaired β-oxidation of fatty acids.

The minor C-allele of rs2014355 in ACADSis associated with reduced insulin release following an oral glucose load