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Background  The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine disorder in women of child-bearing age, mainly characterised by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism, is often associated with insulin resistance (IR) and obesity. Its etiology and the role of IR and obesity in PCOS are not fully understood. We examined the influence of validated genetic variants conferring susceptibility to obesity and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on metabolic and PCOS-specific traits in patients with PCOS.    Methods  We conducted an association study in 386 patients with PCOS (defined by the Rotterdam-criteria) using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in or in proximity to the fat mass and obesity associated gene  (FTO ), insulin-induced gene-2 ( INSIG2 ), transcription factor 7-like 2 gene ( TCF7L2 ) and melanocortin 4 receptor gene ( MC4R ). To compare the effect of  FTO  obesity risk alleles on BMI in patients with PCOS to unselected females of the same age range we genotyped 1,971 females from the population-based KORA-S4 study ( Kooperative Gesundheitsforschung im Raum Augsburg , Survey 4).    Results  The  FTO  risk allele was associated with IR traits and measures of increased body weight. In addition, the  TCF7L2  SNP was associated with body weight traits. For the SNPs in the vicinity of  INSIG2  and  MC4R  and for the other examined phenotypes there was no evidence for an association. In PCOS the observed per risk allele effect of  FTO  intron 1 SNP rs9939609 on BMI was +1.56 kg/m 2 , whereas it was +0.46 kg/m 2  in females of the same age range from the general population as shown previously.    Conclusion  The stronger effect on body weight of the  FTO  SNP in PCOS might well have implications for the etiology of the disease.

bmc medical genetics

Large effects on body mass index and insulin resistance of fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) variants in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)