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Background  Molecular epidemiological studies have shown that gene polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor ( VDR ) are associated with prostate cancer risks. However, previous results from many molecular studies remain inconsistent.    Methods  Blood samples were collected from 122 prostate cancer patients and 130 age-matched control subjects in the Han population of Southern China. The differences of  VDR  gene polymorphism between cancer cases and controls were determined by PCR-RFLP, examiming  Fok I (exon 2),  Bsm I,  Tru9 I,  Apa I (intron 9), and  Taq I (exon 9). Associations between the  VDR  gene polymorphism and prostate cancer risk were calculated in an unconditional logistic regression model. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotypes were analyzed with the SHEsis software.    Results  Of five polymorphisms,  Bsm I was shown to associate with prostate cancer, while  Fok I,  Tru9 I,  Apa I, and  Taq I did not show any significant association. After adjustment for age, the  Bsm I ' B ' allele was associated with an almost 1/3-fold risk (OR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.15-0.80) of the occurrence of prostate cancer, a 1/5-fold risk (OR = 0.20, 95%CI: 0.06-0.68) of poorly differentiated prostate cancer, and a 1/10-fold risk (OR = 0.10, 95%CI: 0.01-0.78) of aggressive prostate cancer compared with the ' b ' allele, especially among older men (>71 years). In addition, haplotype analysis revealed that the  'F-b-U-A-T ' was more frequent found in cases than in controls (3.4%  vs  0.0%,  P  = 0.0035), while the frequency of haplotype ' F-B-U-a-T ' was 0.8% in cases, significantly lower than in controls (3.9%,  P  = 0.019).    Conclusion  Our experiments provide evidences that genetic polymorphisms in the  VDR  gene may be potential risk factors for prostate cancer in the Han population of southern China and the susceptibility to prostate cancer is associated with ethnicity and geographic location.

Association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with the risk of prostate cancer in the Han population of Southern China