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Background  Genetic influences on drug efficacy and tolerability are now widely known. Pharmacogenetics has thus become an expanding field with great potential for improving drug efficacy and reducing toxicity. Many pharmacologically-relevant polymorphisms do show variability among different populations. Knowledge of allelic frequency distribution within specified populations can be useful in explaining therapeutic failures, identifying potential risk groups for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and optimising doses for therapeutic efficacy. We sought to determine the prevalence of clinically relevant Cytochrome P450 ( CYP) 2C8 ,  CYP2C9 , and  CYP2C19  variants in Ghanaians. We compared the data with other ethnic groups and further investigated intra country differences within the Ghanaian population to determine its value to pharmacogenetics studies.    Methods  RFLP assays were used to genotype  CYP2C8  ( *2 ,  *3 ,  *4 ) variant alleles in 204 unrelated Ghanaians.  CYP2C9*2  and  CYP2C19  ( *2  and  *3 ) variants were determined by single-tube tetra-primer assays while  CYP2C9  ( *3, *4, *5  and  *11 ) variants were assessed by direct sequencing.    Results  Allelic frequencies were obtained for  CYP2C8*2  (17%),  CYP2C8*3  (0%),  CYP2C8*4  (0%),  CYP2C9*2  (0%),  CYP2C9*3  (0%),  CYP2C9*4  (0%),  CYP2C9 *5 (0%),  CYP2C9*11  (2%),  CYP2C19*2  (6%) and  CYP2C19*3  (0%).    Conclusion  Allele frequency distributions for  CYP2C8 ,  CYP2C9  and  CYP2C19  among the Ghanaian population are comparable to other African ethnic groups but significantly differ from Caucasian and Asian populations. Variant allele frequencies for  CYP2C9  and  CYP2C19  are reported for the first time among indigenous Ghanaian population.

Characterisation of CYP2C8, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms in a Ghanaian population