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Background  Although melioidosis in endemic regions is usually caused by a diverse range of  Burkholderia pseudomallei  strains, clonal outbreaks from contaminated potable water have been described. Furthermore  B. pseudomallei  is classified as a CDC Group B bioterrorism agent. Ribotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) have been used to identify genetically related  B. pseudomallei  isolates, but they are time consuming and technically challenging for many laboratories.    Methods  We have adapted repetitive sequence typing using a BOX A1R primer for typing  B. pseudomallei  and compared BOX-PCR fingerprinting results on a wide range of well-characterized  B. pseudomallei  isolates with MLST and PFGE performed on the same isolates.    Results  BOX-PCR typing compared favourably with MLST and PFGE performed on the same isolates, both discriminating between the majority of multilocus sequence types and showing relatedness between epidemiologically linked isolates from various outbreak clusters.    Conclusion  Our results suggest that BOX-PCR can be used to exclude a clonal outbreak of melioidosis within 10 hours of receiving the bacterial strains.

Using BOX-PCR to exclude a clonal outbreak of melioidosis