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Background  Bacterial vaginosis (BV), the etiology of which is still uncertain, increases the risk of preterm birth. Recent PCR-based studies suggested that BV is associated with complex vaginal bacterial communities, including many newly recognized bacterial species in non-pregnant women.    Methods  To examine whether these bacteria are also involved in BV in pregnant Japanese women, vaginal fluid samples were taken from 132 women, classified as normal (n = 98), intermediate (n = 21), or BV (n = 13) using the Nugent gram stain criteria, and studied. DNA extracted from these samples was analyzed for bacterial sequences of any  Lactobacillus , four  Lactobacillus  species, and four BV-related bacteria by PCR with primers for 16S ribosomal DNA including a universal  Lactobacillus  primer,  Lactobacillus  species-specific primers for  L. crispatus ,  L. jensenii ,  L. gasseri , and  L. iners , and BV-related bacterium-specific primers for BVAB2,  Megasphaera ,  Leptotrichia , and  Eggerthella -like bacterium.    Results  The prevalences of  L. crispatus ,  L. jensenii , and  L. gasseri  were significantly higher, while those of BVAB2,  Megasphaera ,  Leptotrichia , and  Eggerthella -like bacterium were significantly lower in the normal group than in the BV group. Unlike other  Lactobacillus  species, the prevalence of  L. iners  did not differ between the three groups and women with  L. iners  were significantly more likely to have BVAB2,  Megasphaera, Leptotrichia , and  Eggerthella -like bacterium. Linear regression analysis revealed associations of BVAB2 and  Megasphaera  with Nugent score, and multivariate regression analyses suggested a close relationship between  Eggerthella -like bacterium and BV.    Conclusion  The BV-related bacteria, including BVAB2,  Megasphaera ,  Leptotrichia , and  Eggerthella -like bacterium, are common in the vagina of pregnant Japanese women with BV. The presence of  L. iners  may be correlated with vaginal colonization by these BV-related bacteria.

Association between Lactobacillus species and bacterial vaginosis-related bacteria, and bacterial vaginosis scores in pregnant Japanese women