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Results We assessed data from 12 patients (gender ratio 1:1), of which 10 had HCV monoinfection and 2 had HCV+HIV coinfection. The mean age was 43.8 ± 16.5 years (range 19-71 years). Eleven patients were infected with HCV genotype 1b, and one patient had been coinfected with genotype 2a/2c but had spontaneously cleared 2a infection and was now monoinfected with HCV 2c. Only one patient had IL28-B genotype CC, 4 patients CT and 5 patients TT (in two cases data on IL28-B were not available). Seven of the patients had received prior anti-HCV therapy: 2 with peg-interferon+ribavirin, 2 with faldaprevir-based regimens and 3 with telaprevir-based regimens. Of them, 3 had been non-responders and 4 had been relapsers. The mean plasma HCV-RNA was 6.1±0.7 log10 IU/ mL. Patients were distributed over the whole range of fibrosis values on FibroMax, with a slight predominance of advanced fibrosis: F3 (2 patients) and F4 (3 patients). Resistance to boceprevir or simeprevir was identified in 3/12 cases (fold-change range: 4-24) and 2/12 cases (fold-change range: 32-38), respectively, although none of the patients had received prior therapy with these antivirals. Resistance to telaprevir was identified in 3/12 cases (surprisingly, none of the cases with telaprevir therapy). Possible resistance was identified in another 6 cases (including cases treated with telaprevir and faldaprevir). The overall fold-change range was 1.8-22.4. Resistance to faldaprevir was identified in 3/12 cases (surprisingly, none of the cases with faldaprevir therapy), with a fold-change range of 1.2-360.0.

Antiviral resistance in HCV strains isolated from Romanian patients with limited treatment options for chronic HCV infection