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Background   Toxoplasma gondii  can infect almost all warm-blood animals including human beings. The plant-like calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) harbored by  T. gondii  are involved in gliding motility, cell invasion, egress and some other developmental processes, and so have been implicated as important virulence factors.    Methods  In the present study, we constructed a DNA vaccine expressing  T. gondii  CDPK3 (TgCDPK3) and evaluated its protective efficacy against  T. gondii  infection in Kunming mice. The gene sequence encoding TgCDPK3 was inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pVAX I, and mice were immunized with pVAX-CDPK3 intramuscularly.    Results  The results showed that mice immunized with pVAX-CDPK3 developed a high level of specific antibodies and a strong lymphoproliferative response. The significantly increased levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12 (p70) and IL-23 and high ratio of IgG2a to IgG1 antibody titers indicated that a Th1 type response was elicited after immunization with pVAX-CDPK3. Furthermore, the percentage of CD4+ T cells in mice vaccinated with pVAX-CDPK3 was significantly increased. After lethal challenge with the tachyzoites of the virulent  T. gondii  RH strain, the mice immunized with pVAX-CDPK3 prolonged the survival time from 10 days to 24 days (13.5 ± 4.89) compared to untreated mice or those received PBS or pVAX I which died within 7 days ( P  < 0.05). In chronic infection model (10 cysts of the  T. gondii  PRU strain), the numbers of brain cysts of the mice immunized with pVAX-CDPK3 reduced significantly when compared with those in control groups ( P  < 0.05), and the rate of reduction could reach to about 50%.    Conclusions  TgCDPK3 can generate protective immunity against acute and chronic  T. gondii  infection in Kunming mice and is a promising vaccine candidate for further development of an effective vaccine against  T. gondii .

bmc infectious diseases

Protective immunity against Toxoplasma gondiiinduced by DNA immunization with the gene encoding a novel vaccine candidate: calcium-dependent protein kinase 3