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Background  Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common condition, although its aetiology remains unexplained. The aim of this study was to analyse the composition of vaginal microbiota in women from Greenland to provide a quantitative description and improve the understanding of BV.    Methods  Self-collected vaginal smears and swabs were obtained from 177 women. The vaginal smears were graded for BV according to Nugent’s criteria. The vaginal swab samples were analysed by 19 quantitative PCRs (qPCRs) for selected vaginal bacteria and by PCR for four sexually transmitted infections (STIs).    Results  STIs were common:  Mycoplasma genitalium  12%,  Chlamydia trachomatis  7%,  Neisseria gonorrhoeae  1%, and  Trichomonas vaginalis  0.5%. BV was found in 45% of women, but was not associated with individual STIs. Seven of the 19 vaginal bacteria ( Atopobium vaginae ,  Prevotella  spp.,  Gardnerella vaginalis , BVAB2,  Eggerthella -like bacterium,  Leptotrichia amnionii , and  Megasphaera  type 1) had areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve > 85%, suggesting they are good predictors of BV according to Nugent.  Prevotella  spp. had the highest odds ratio for BV (OR 437; 95% CI 82–2779) in univariate analysis considering only specimens with a bacterial load above the threshold determined by ROC curve analysis as positive, as well as the highest adjusted odds ratio in multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR 4.4; 95% CI 1.4-13.5). BV could be subdivided into clusters dominated by a single or a few species together.    Conclusions  BV by Nugent score was highly prevalent. Two of seven key species ( Prevotella  spp. and  A. vaginae ) remained significantly associated with BV in a multivariate model after adjusting for other bacterial species.  G. vaginalis  and  Prevotella  spp. defined the majority of BV clusters.

Vaginal microbiome in women from Greenland assessed by microscopy and quantitative PCR