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Background  Oral  Candida  colonization and its relation with predisposing factors in HIV-infected patients have received wide concerns during recent decades. In this study, we investigated asymptomatic oral  Candida  carriage rate, species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of 604 HIV-infected patients and 851 healthy individuals in Kunming, Yunnan Province of China.    Methods  Mucosal swab sampling was taken from each subject and CHROMagar  Candida  agar medium and API 20C AUX system were used to identify yeast isolates.  In vitro  antifungal susceptibility was tested by the broth microdilution method according to the M27-A2 document of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI).    Results  The oral yeast colonization rate in HIV-infected patients (49.5%) was higher than that of healthy subjects (20.7%).  Candida albicans  constituted the most frequent species, accounting for 82.2% of yeast isolates. The remaining species were composed of  C. glabrata ,  C. parapsilosis ,  C. krusei ,  C. tropicalis ,  C. rugosa ,  C. norvegensis ,  Pichia ohmeri  and  Saccharomyces cerevisiae . In HIV-infected patients, asymptomatic oral yeast colonization was associated with low CD4 cell count (<200 cells/mm 3 ) and lack of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Different  Candida  species isolated from our samples presented different susceptibility to voriconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole. Amphotericin B had the best inhibiting effect for all isolates.    Conclusion  Oral yeast colonization in Han Chinese patients with HIV from Kunming had common and unique features and was associated with CD4 cell number and HARRT. Amphotericin B should be used with first priority in controlling  Candida  infection in Han Chinese patients from Kunming. Our results provide first hand information on monitoring oral yeasts colonization in HIV-infected patients from Kunming, China.

Asymptomatic oral yeast carriage and antifungal susceptibility profile of HIV-infected patients in Kunming, Yunnan Province of China