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Results A total of 215 eligible participants were followed for a median time of 11 months (range: 8-23 months) with a follow-up period of 223 person-years. Of the 104/215 (48.4 %) HIV-infected women who were HPV-negative at baseline, 12 women were newly detected with HPV at follow-up visit reflecting an incidence rate of 5.4 per 100 person-years. Type-specific incidence rates ranged between 0.45-3.42 per 100 person-years for carcinogenic HPV types and between 0.45-1.79 per 100 person-years for other HPV types. Of the 111/215 (51.6 %) women with HPV at baseline, 21 women cleared all types, reflecting a clearance rate of 9.4 per 100 person-years. Type-specific clearance rates ranged between 0.45-4.48 per 100 person-years for carcinogenic HPV types and between 0.45-4.04 for other HPV types. Conclusions This study adds to the scant global data of natural history of HPV infection in HIV-infected women. Knowledge of incidence and clearance rates can inform cost effectiveness and decision analysis models for estimating effectiveness of HPV vaccination and screening strategies for cervical cancer prevention for HIV-infected women.

Genotype-specific incidence and clearance rates of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in HIV-infected women from Pune, India