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Background   KRAS  mutations are frequently found in colorectal cancer (CRC) indicating the importance of its genotyping in the study of the molecular mechanisms behind this disease. Although major advances have occurred over the past decade, there are still important gaps in our understanding of CRC carcinogenesis, particularly whether sex-linked factors play any role.    Methods  The profile of  KRAS  mutations in the Brazilian population was analyzed by conducting direct sequencing of  KRAS  codons 12 and 13 belonging to 8,234 metastatic CRC patient samples. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue, exon 1 was amplified by PCR and submitted to direct sequencing. The data obtained was analysed comparing different geographical regions, gender and age.    Results  The median age was 59 years and the overall percentage of wild-type and mutated  KRAS  was 62.8% and 31.9%, respectively. Interestingly, different percentages of mutated  KRAS  patients were observed between male and female patients (32.5% versus 34.8%, respectively; p = 0.03).  KRAS  Gly12Asp mutation was the most prevalent for both genders and for most regions, with the exception of the North where Gly12Val was the most frequent mutation found.    Conclusions  To the best of our knowledge this is one of the largest cohorts of  KRAS  genotyping in CRC patients and the largest to indicate a higher incidence of  KRAS  mutation in females compared to males in Brazil. Nevertheless, further research is required to better address the impact of gender differences in colorectal cancer.

KRAS mutations: variable incidences in a Brazilian cohort of 8,234 metastatic colorectal cancer patients