English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Computerized adaptive testing (CAT) is being applied to health outcome measures developed as paper-and-pencil (P&P) instruments. Differences in how respondents answer items administered by CAT vs. P&P can increase error in CAT-estimated measures if not identified and corrected.    Method  Two methods for detecting item-level mode effects are proposed using Bayesian estimation of posterior distributions of item parameters: (1) a modified robust  Z  ( RZ ) test, and (2) 95% credible intervals ( CrI ) for the CAT-P&P difference in item difficulty. A simulation study was conducted under the following conditions: (1) data-generating model (one- vs. two-parameter IRT model); (2) moderate vs. large DIF sizes; (3) percentage of DIF items (10% vs. 30%), and (4) mean difference in  θ  estimates across modes of 0 vs. 1 logits. This resulted in a total of 16 conditions with 10 generated datasets per condition.    Results  Both methods evidenced good to excellent false positive control, with  RZ  providing better control of false positives and with slightly higher power for  CrI , irrespective of measurement model. False positives increased when items were very easy to endorse and when there with mode differences in mean trait level. True positives were predicted by CAT item usage, absolute item difficulty and item discrimination.  RZ  outperformed  CrI , due to better control of false positive DIF.    Conclusions  Whereas false positives were well controlled, particularly for  RZ , power to detect DIF was suboptimal. Research is needed to examine the robustness of these methods under varying prior assumptions concerning the distribution of item and person parameters and when data fail to conform to prior assumptions. False identification of DIF when items were very easy to endorse is a problem warranting additional investigation.

Comparison of two Bayesian methods to detect mode effects between paper-based and computerized adaptive assessments: a preliminary Monte Carlo study