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Background  Even extremely high-doses of the potent opioid, sufentanil, cannot reliably suppress stress responses to intense surgical stimuli such as sternotomy. The chemically related opioid remifentanil with its different pharmacokinetics and binding affinities for delta- and kappa-opioid receptors might be more effective in attenuating these responses.    Methods  ASA I-III patients scheduled for a surgical procedure with sternotomy under balanced anesthesia (sevoflurane and sufentanil 3 μg.kg -1  bolus, 0.017 μg.kg -1 .min -1  infusion) were randomized into two groups. Patients in the study group were supplemented with remifentanil (2 μg.kg -1  bolus, 2–7 μg.kg -1 .min -1  infusion) starting ten minutes before sternotomy. Heart rate, arterial blood pressures, cardiac index, ejection fraction, systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), total body oxygen uptake (VO 2 ) and electric dermal response were measured and compared between the groups.    Results  62 patients were studied (study group 32, control group 30). Systolic and mean arterial blood pressures, SVRI, VO 2  and skin conductance increased during sternotomy and sternal spread in the control group but not in the study group. Systolic blood pressure increase: 7.5 ± 19 mmHg vs. -3.4 ± 8.9 (p = 0.005); VO 2  increase: 31 ± 46% vs. -0.4 ± 32%; incidence of systolic blood pressure increase greater than 15 percent: 20% vs. 3% (p = 0.035) (control vs. study group).    Conclusion  High-dose remifentanil added to sevoflurane-sufentanil anesthesia suppresses the sympathoadrenergic response to sternotomy and sternal spread better than high-dose sufentanil alone.    Trial registration  Clinical Trial number:  DRKS00004327 , August 31, 2012    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2253-15-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc anesthesiology

Remifentanil added to sufentanil-sevoflurane anesthesia suppresses hemodynamic and metabolic stress responses to intense surgical stimuli more effectively than high-dose sufentanil-sevoflurane alone