English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Plant WRKY DNA-binding transcription factors are involved in plant responses to biotic and abiotic responses. It has been previously shown that  Arabidopsis WRKY3  and  WRKY4 , which encode two structurally similar WRKY transcription factors, are induced by pathogen infection and salicylic acid (SA). However, the role of the two WRKY transcription factors in plant disease resistance has not been directly analyzed.    Results  Both WRKY3 and WRKY4 are nuclear-localized and specifically recognize the TTGACC W-box sequences  in vitro . Expression of  WRKY3  and  WRKY4  was induced rapidly by stress conditions generated by liquid infiltration or spraying. Stress-induced expression of  WRKY4  was further elevated by pathogen infection and SA treatment. To determine directly their role in plant disease resistance, we have isolated T-DNA insertion mutants and generated transgenic overexpression lines for  WRKY3  and  WRKY4 . Both the loss-of-function mutants and transgenic overexpression lines were examined for responses to the biotrophic bacterial pathogen  Pseudomonas syringae  and the necrotrophic fungal pathogen  Botrytis cinerea . The  wrky3  and  wrky4  single and double mutants exhibited more severe disease symptoms and support higher fungal growth than wild-type plants after  Botrytis  infection. Although disruption of  WRKY3  and  WRKY4  did not have a major effect on plant response to  P. syringae , overexpression of  WRKY4  greatly enhanced plant susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen and suppressed pathogen-induced  PR1  gene expression.    Conclusion  The nuclear localization and sequence-specific DNA-binding activity support that WRKY3 and WRKY4 function as transcription factors. Functional analysis based on T-DNA insertion mutants and transgenic overexpression lines indicates that WRKY3 and WRKY4 have a positive role in plant resistance to necrotrophic pathogens and WRKY4 has a negative effect on plant resistance to biotrophic pathogens.

Roles of ArabidopsisWRKY3 and WRKY4 Transcription Factors in Plant Responses to Pathogens