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Background  Several members of the R2R3-MYB family of transcription factors act as regulators of lignin and phenylpropanoid metabolism during wood formation in angiosperm and gymnosperm plants. The angiosperm  Arabidopsis  has over one hundred  R2R3-MYBs  genes; however, only a few members of this family have been discovered in gymnosperms.    Results  We isolated and characterised full-length cDNAs encoding  R2R3-MYB  genes from the gymnosperms white spruce,  Picea glauca  (13 sequences), and loblolly pine,  Pinus taeda  L. (five sequences). Sequence similarities and phylogenetic analyses placed the spruce and pine sequences in diverse subgroups of the large R2R3-MYB family, although several of the sequences clustered closely together. We searched the highly variable C-terminal region of diverse plant MYBs for conserved amino acid sequences and identified 20 motifs in the spruce MYBs, nine of which have not previously been reported and three of which are specific to conifers. The number and length of the introns in spruce  MYB  genes varied significantly, but their positions were well conserved relative to angiosperm  MYB  genes. Quantitative RTPCR of  MYB  genes transcript abundance in root and stem tissues revealed diverse expression patterns; three  MYB  genes were preferentially expressed in secondary xylem, whereas others were preferentially expressed in phloem or were ubiquitous. The  MYB  genes expressed in xylem, and three others, were up-regulated in the compression wood of leaning trees within 76 hours of induction.    Conclusion  Our survey of 18 conifer  R2R3-MYB  genes clearly showed a gene family structure similar to that of Arabidopsis. Three of the sequences are likely to play a role in lignin metabolism and/or wood formation in gymnosperm trees, including a close homolog of the loblolly pine  PtMYB4 , shown to regulate lignin biosynthesis in transgenic tobacco.

Conifer R2R3-MYB transcription factors: sequence analyses and gene expression in wood-forming tissues of white spruce (Picea glauca)