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Background  A mutant screening was carried out previously to look for new genes related to the  Cucumber mosaic virus  infection response in  Arabidopsis . A Pumilio RNA binding protein-coding gene,  Arabidopsis Pumilio RNA binding protein 5  ( APUM5 ), was obtained from this screening.    Results   APUM5  transcriptional profiling was carried out using a bioinformatics tool. We found that  APUM5  was associated with both biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, bacterial and fungal pathogen infection susceptibility was not changed in  APUM5  transgenic plants compared to that in wild type plants although  APUM5  expression was induced upon pathogen infection. In contrast,  APUM5  was involved in the abiotic stress response.  35S - APUM5  transgenic plants showed hypersensitive phenotypes under salt and drought stresses during germination, primary root elongation at the seedling stage, and at the vegetative stage in soil. We also showed that some abiotic stress-responsive genes were negatively regulated in  35S - APUM5  transgenic plants. The APUM5-Pumilio homology domain (PHD) protein bound to the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the abiotic stress-responsive genes which contained putative Pumilio RNA binding motifs at the 3′ UTR.    Conclusions  These results suggest that APUM5 may be a new post-transcriptional regulator of the abiotic stress response by direct binding of target genes 3′ UTRs.

APUM5, encoding a Pumilio RNA binding protein, negatively regulates abiotic stress responsive gene expression