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Background   Phytophthora cinnamomi  is a devastating pathogen worldwide and phosphite (Phi), an analogue of phosphate (Pi) is highly effective in the control of this pathogen. Phi also interferes with Pi starvation responses (PSR), of which auxin signalling is an integral component. In the current study, the involvement of Pi and the auxin signalling pathways in host and Phi-mediated resistance to  P. cinnamomi  was investigated by screening the  Arabidopsis thaliana  ecotype Col-0 and several mutants defective in PSR and the auxin response pathway for their susceptibility to this pathogen. The response to Phi treatment was also studied by monitoring its effect on Pi- and the auxin response pathways.    Results  Here we demonstrate that  phr1 - 1  (phosphate starvation response 1), a mutant defective in response to Pi starvation was highly susceptible to  P. cinnamomi  compared to the parental background Col-0. Furthermore, the analysis of the  Arabidopsis tir1 - 1  (transport inhibitor response 1) mutant, deficient in the auxin-stimulated SCF (Skp1 − Cullin − F-Box) ubiquitination pathway was also highly susceptible to  P. cinnamomi  and the susceptibility of the mutants  rpn10  and  pbe1  further supported a role for the 26S proteasome in resistance to  P. cinnamomi . The role of auxin was also supported by a significant ( P  < 0.001) increase in susceptibility of blue lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius ) to  P. cinnamomi  following treatment with the inhibitor of auxin transport, TIBA (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid). Given the apparent involvement of auxin and PSR signalling in the resistance to  P. cinnamomi , the possible involvement of these pathways in Phi mediated resistance was also investigated. Phi (especially at high concentrations) attenuates the response of some Pi starvation inducible genes such as  AT4 ,  AtACP5  and  AtPT2  in Pi starved plants. However, Phi enhanced the transcript levels of  PHR1  and the auxin responsive genes ( AUX1 ,  AXR1 and  AXR2 ), suppressed the primary root elongation, and increased root hair formation in plants with sufficient Pi.    Conclusions  The auxin response pathway, particularly auxin sensitivity and transport, plays an important role in resistance to  P. cinnamomi  in  Arabidopsis , and phosphite-mediated resistance may in some part be through its effect on the stimulation of the PSR and auxin response pathways.

bmc plant biology

Suppression of the auxin response pathway enhances susceptibility to Phytophthora cinnamomi while phosphite-mediated resistance stimulates the auxin signalling pathway