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Background  Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the major nutrient stresses limiting plant growth. The uptake of P by plants is well considered to be mediated by a number of high-affinity phosphate (Pi) transporters belonging to the Pht1 family. Although the Pht1 genes have been extensively identified in several plant species, there is a lack of systematic analysis of the Pht1 gene family in any solanaceous species thus far.    Results  Here, we report the genome-wide analysis, phylogenetic evolution and expression patterns of the Pht1 genes in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ). A total of eight putative Pht1 genes ( LePT1  to  8 ), distributed on three chromosomes (3, 6 and 9), were identified through extensive searches of the released tomato genome sequence database. Chromosomal organization and phylogenetic tree analysis suggested that the six Pht1 paralogues,  LePT1 /3,  LePT2 /6 and  LePT4 /5, which were assigned into three pairs with very close physical distance, were produced from recent tandem duplication events that occurred after Solanaceae splitting with other dicot families. Expression analysis of these Pht1 members revealed that except  LePT8 , of which the transcript was undetectable in all tissues, the other seven paralogues showed differential but partial-overlapping expression patterns.  LePT1  and  LePT7  were ubiquitously expressed in all tissues examined, and their transcripts were induced abundantly in response to Pi starvation;  LePT2  and  LePT6 , the two paralogues harboring identical coding sequence, were predominantly expressed in Pi-deficient roots;  LePT3 ,  LePT4  and  LePT5  were strongly activated in the roots colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under low-P, but not high-P condition. Histochemical analysis revealed that a 1250-bp  LePT3  promoter fragment and a 471-bp  LePT5  promoter fragment containing the two elements, MYCS and P1BS, were sufficient to direct the GUS reporter expression in mycorrhizal roots and were limited to distinct cells harboring AM fungal structures. Additionally, the four paralogues,  LePT1 ,  LePT2 ,  LePT6  and  LePT7 , were very significantly down-regulated in the mycorrhizal roots under low Pi supply condition.    Conclusions  The results obtained from this study provide new insights into the evolutionary expansion, functional divergence and genetic redundancy of the Pht1 genes in response to Pi deficiency and mycorrhizal symbiosis in tomato.

bmc plant biology

Genome-wide investigation and expression analysis suggest diverse roles and genetic redundancy of Pht1 family genes in response to Pi deficiency in tomato