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Background  Head blast caused by the fungal plant pathogen  Magnaporthe oryzae  is an upcoming threat for wheat and barley cultivation. We investigated the nonhost response of barley to an isolate of the  Magnaporthe  species complex which is pathogenic on  Pennisetum  spp. as a potential source for novel resistance traits.    Results  Array experiments identified a barley gene encoding a putative cytochrome P450 monooxygenase whose transcripts accumulate to a higher concentration in the nonhost as compared to the host interaction. The gene clusters within the CYP96 clade of the P450 plant gene family and is designated as  CYP96B22.  Expression of  CYP96B22  was triggered during the ectoparasitic growth of the pathogen on the outside of the leaf. Usage of a fungicidal treatment and a  Magnaporthe  mutant confirmed that penetration was not necessary for this early activation of  CYP96B22 . Transcriptional silencing of  CYP96B22  using  Barley stripe mosaic virus  led to a decrease in penetration resistance of barley plants to  Magnaporthe  host and nonhost isolates. This phenotype seems to be specific for the barley- Magnaporthe  interaction, since penetration of the adapted barley powdery mildew fungus was not altered in similarly treated plants.    Conclusion  Taken together our results suggest a cross-talk between barley and  Magnaporthe  isolates across the plant surface. Since members of the plant CYP96 family are known to be involved in synthesis of epicuticular waxes, these substances or their derivatives might act as signal components. We propose a functional overlap of  CYP96B22  in the execution of penetration resistance during basal and nonhost resistance of barley against different  Magnaporthe  species.

bmc plant biology

Ectoparasitic growth of Magnaporthe on barley triggers expression of the putative barley wax biosynthesis gene CYP96B22 which is involved in penetration resistance