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Background  Because the floral induction occurs in many plants when specific environmental conditions are satisfied, most plants bloom and bear fruit during the same season each year. In fig, by contrast, the time interval during which inflorescence (flower bud, fruit) differentiation occurs corresponds to the shoot elongation period. Fig trees thus differ from many species in their reproductive growth characteristics. To date, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this unorthodox physiology of floral induction and fruit setting in fig trees have not been elucidated.    Results  We isolated a  FLOWERING LOCUS T  ( FT ) - like gene from fig and examined its function, characteristics, and expression patterns. The isolated gene,  F. carica FT  ( FcFT1 ), is single copy in fig and shows the highest similarity at the amino acid level (93.1%) to apple  MdFT2 . We sequenced its upstream region (1,644 bp) and identified many light-responsive elements.  FcFT1  was mainly expressed in leaves and induced early flowering in transgenic tobacco, suggesting that  FcFT1  is a fig  FT  ortholog. Real-time reverse-transcription PCR analysis revealed that  FcFT1  mRNA expression occurred only in leaves at the lower nodes, the early fruit setting positions. mRNA levels remained a constant for approximately 5 months from spring to autumn, corresponding almost exactly to the inflorescence differentiation season. Diurnal variation analysis revealed that  FcFT1  mRNA expression increased under relative long-day and short-day conditions, but not under continuous darkness.    Conclusion  These results suggest that  FcFT1  activation is regulated by light conditions and may contribute to fig’s unique fruit-setting characteristics.

Expression of FcFT1, a FLOWERING LOCUS T-like gene, is regulated by light and associated with inflorescence differentiation in fig (Ficus carica L.)